GeoPandas extends the capabilities of the Pandas library to handle geospatial data. It enables the manipulation and analysis of spatial datasets with ease, incorporating geometric operations and spatial indexing.

Folium is a Python library that simplifies the creation of interactive maps. It integrates with Leaflet.js, allowing users to generate dynamic and visually appealing maps directly from Python code.

Shapely is a library for geometric operations on objects in space. It provides functionalities for manipulating geometric shapes, which is particularly useful for spatial analysis and modeling.

Rasterio is a library for reading and writing geospatial raster data. It supports various raster formats and offers tools for efficient manipulation and analysis of raster datasets.

Pydeck is a powerful Python library designed for creating deck.gl-powered maps with ease. Leveraging the deck.gl framework, Pydeck enables the creation of interactive and visually stunning maps directly within Python.

Pygeos is a Python library for performing geometric operations at scale. It provides efficient geometric algorithms, making it suitable for handling large geospatial datasets and performing geometric computations.